The cornea is the eye’s outermost, transparent layer, acting as a powerful refractive lens and a protective shield against environmental pathogens. Corneal diseases encompass a broad spectrum of conditions—ranging from infections (keratitis) and genetic dystrophies (such as Fuchs’) to structural thinning (keratoconus) and chemical trauma—that compromise this clarity. Because the cornea must remain avascular and highly organized to function, any disruption from inflammation, scarring, or corneal neovascularization can lead to significant visual impairment or legal blindness. Early intervention is critical, as many of these pathologies progress from surface irritation to irreversible stromal scarring if left untreated.