Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) is a common retinal vascular disorder characterized by the blockage of retinal veins, leading to vision loss due to macular edema, retinal ischemia, and neovascular complications. Clinically, RVO is classified into branch (BRVO) and central (CRVO) types, both of which significantly impair quality of life, especially in older adults with comorbidities like hypertension or diabetes. Current treatments primarily involve intravitreal anti-VEGF agents and corticosteroids to manage macular edema; however, these require frequent injections and show variable efficacy, particularly in ischemic cases. Unmet medical needs include effective therapies for non-responders, neuroprotection, and agents that address the underlying vascular pathology. Emerging drug targets under investigation include angiopoietin/Tie2 signaling, inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α), and molecules involved in thrombosis and vascular stability.